Introduction In modern high-voltage transmission systems, communication and protection are equally critical. OPGW (Optical Fiber Ground Wire) is the smart solution that achieves both.It replaces conventional ground wires by integrating optical fibers for communication inside a mechanically strong metallic conductor that provides lightning protection. What is OPGW (Optical Fiber Ground Wire)? OPGW is a composite

Introduction When designing high-voltage transmission lines, one of the most critical design parameters is the air gap clearance — the safe distance between energized conductors and grounded components such as tower arms or insulator fittings. For any transmission line, air gap clearance ensures system reliability, electrical insulation safety, and compliance with international standards.This article explains