Electrical Design

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Types of Transmission Line Towers – Detailed Guide Based on Deviation Angles and Voltage Levels

Introduction Transmission line towers are critical components of electrical power transmission systems. Their primary function is to support overhead conductors while maintaining required electrical clearances, mechanical strength, and system reliability. The selection of an appropriate transmission tower type depends largely on terrain conditions, line deviation angle, voltage level, span length, and mechanical loading. Utilities such […]

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F_TR3 Phase Transposition Tower for 380 kV Overhead Transmission Lines (OHTL)

Abstract Extra High Voltage (EHV) 380 kV Overhead Transmission Lines (OHTL) form the backbone of modern power transmission systems, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where long transmission corridors and high power demand dominate network planning. One of the most critical operational challenges in long EHV OHTL is phase electrical unbalance, caused by the

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Scope of Works in a High-Voltage Transmission Line Project- A to Z Info

A high-voltage transmission line project involves a coordinated sequence of activities that transform engineering designs into a fully operational power transmission system. The scope of works defines all tasks required to execute the project safely, efficiently, and in compliance with applicable technical standards. These works generally include civil construction, transmission line erection, communication system installation,

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Communication Works in High Voltage Substation Projects

1. Introduction In modern high-voltage transmission and substation projects, communication systems are a critical part of power system operation. They support: To achieve reliable communication over long distances and within substations, optical fiber communication is widely used. The most common arrangement includes: 2. Overall Communication System Concept The communication network in a power transmission project

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Safety Culture in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Study and Practical Recommendations

Introduction: Why Safety Culture Matters in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is undergoing one of the most ambitious economic and industrial transformations in its history. Driven by Vision 2030, the Kingdom is rapidly diversifying beyond oil and gas into construction, manufacturing, infrastructure, renewable energy, and advanced industries. With this unprecedented growth comes a critical responsibility: protecting

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Link Loss Budget in OPGW: Complete Technical Guide with Practical Calculation Example

Introduction In modern power transmission systems, Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) is the backbone of protection, control, and communication. It carries critical data for SCADA, protection relays, and grid monitoring while simultaneously serving as a shield wire against lightning. For any OPGW communication system to perform reliably, one calculation is absolutely essential: The Link Loss Budget

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Complete Guide to OPGW Testing: Composite, Sample, Fiber, and Field Acceptance Tests Explained

Introduction: Why OPGW Testing Matters More Than Ever Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) has become an essential component of modern power transmission networks. It performs two critical functions simultaneously: Because OPGW operates in electrically harsh environments while also supporting sensitive optical fibers, it must meet strict mechanical, electrical, and optical performance standards. Any failure in testing

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Sample Calculations for Selecting the Size of Copper-Clad Steel Counterpoise Conductors

Proper sizing of counterpoise conductors is critical for ensuring grounding efficiency and lightning/fault protection in transmission lines. This article provides a detailed, step-by-step explanation of sample calculations for determining the required size of Copper-Clad Steel (CCS) counterpoise conductors, based on the Transmission Engineering Standard TES-P-122.10. What is a Counterpoise Conductor? A counterpoise conductor is a

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